Conodonts of Mexico: a GIS database
Main Article Content
Abstract
A geographic information system (GIS) database is herein presented to integrate all reports of conodont occurrences in Mexican localities. In addition to the database and the interactive map, we included detailed static maps of each locality, whenever the information was available. The analysis of data included in 62 scientific works revealed 45 localities in Mexico where conodonts have been reported. Conodont record in Mexico spans the entire stratigraphic range of the group, from the late Cambrian to the Late Triassic. Conodont biodiversity includes at least 611 species of 229 genera, although we have not carried out validation of taxonomic assignments nor taxon validity or synonymy. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of paleobiodiversity and the evolution of marine ecosystems in Mexico and provide a valuable tool for future paleontological and geological studies.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
PLUMX Metrics
References
Almazán-Vázquez, E., 1989. Cámbrico–Ordovícico de Arivechi, en la región centro-oriental del estado de Sonora. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 8 (1), 58–66.
Almazán-Vázquez, E., Fernández-Aguirre, M. A., 1987. Los terrenos Paleozoicos de la región serrana de Sonora. En: Paleozoico de Chihuahua, Excursión Geológica No. 2. Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Gaceta Geológica, pp. 97–104.
Bartolini, C., 1988. Regional structure and stratigraphy of Sierra El Aliso, central Sonora, Mexico [Master’s thesis, University of Arizona].
Bartolini, C., Morales, M., Barrera, E., Domínguez, J. P., Navarro, L. M., Soto, L., Finney, S. C., Carter, C., 1995. Geological reconnaissance of Ordovician deep-marine sequences in central Sonora, Mexico. En: Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., Finney, S. C. (Eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 285–289.
Bartolini, C., Stewart, J. H., Carter, C., Murchey, B. L., Repetski, J. E., 1989. Stratigraphy of Paleozoic eugeoclinal strata in Sierra El Aliso, central Sonora, Mexico. Boletín del Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Segunda Época 6 (1–2), 11–21.
Benedetti, S. J., 1976. Paleozoic conodonts from the Placer de Guadalupe area, east-central Chihuahua, Mexico [Master’s thesis, Texas Christian University, 141 pp.].
Blodgett, R. B., Moore, T. E., Gray, F., 2002. Stratigraphy and paleontology of Lower Permian rocks north of Cananea, northern Sonora, Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 15 (4), 481–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00064-0.
Borjas Realivázquez, H., 2014. Nuevos datos del Devónico superior en el Grupo Guayacán (Sonora central) [Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Geología, 40 pp.].
Bridges, L. W., 1962. Geology of Mina Plomosas area, Chihuahua, Mexico [Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, 241 pp.].
Bridges, L. W., De Ford, R. K., 1961. Pre-Carboniferous Paleozoic rocks in central Chihuahua, Mexico: Geological notes. AAPG Bulletin 45 (1), 98–104, https://doi.org/10.1306/0BDA6287-16BD-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Brunner, P., 1975. Estudio estratigráfico del Devónico en el área de El Bisani, Caborca, Sonora. Revista del Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo 7 (1), 16–45.
Brunner, P., 1976. Litología y bioestratigrafía del Misisípico en el área de El Bisani, Caborca, Sonora. Revista del Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo 8 (3), 7–41.
Brunner, P., 1984. Los conodontos de México. En: Perrilliat, M. C. (Ed.), Memoria del III Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, pp. 84–91.
Brunner, P., 1987. Microfacies y microfósiles de las rocas carbonatadas del Paleozoico de San Salvador Patlanoaya. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología 1, 98–112.
Buch, I. P., Delattre, M. P., 1993. Permian and Lower Triassic stratigraphy along the 30th parallel, eastern Baja California Norte, Mexico. En: Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H. (Eds.), The Prebatholithic Stratigraphy of Peninsular California. Vol. 279 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 77–90, https: //doi.org/10.1130/SPE279-p77.
Campa, M. F., Coney, P. J., 1983. Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and mineral resource distributions in Mexico. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20 (6), 1040–1051, https://doi.org/10.1139/e83-094.
Campbell, M., Crocker, J., 1993. Geology west of the Canal de Las Ballenas, Baja California, Mexico. En: Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H. (Eds.), The Prebatholithic Stratigraphy of Peninsular California. Vol. 279 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 61–76, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE279-p61.
Caridroit, M., Lamerandt, A., Dégardin, J. M., Flores de Dios, A., Vachard, D., 2002. Discovery of radiolaria and conodonts in the Carboniferous–Permian of San Salvador Patlanoaya (Puebla, Mexico): Biostratigraphic implications. Comptes Rendus Palevol 1 (4), 205–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0683(02)00031-3.
Casarrubias López, A. A., 2015. Bioestratigrafía de conodontos del Paleozoico superior en el área del Puerto del Orégano (Sonora central). [Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Geología, 53 pp.].
Casas-Peña, J. M., Navas-Parejo, P., Jenchen, U., Fernández, J., 2024. Pennsylvanian conodonts and microfacies from northeastern Mexico (Tamatán Group, Ciudad Victoria Block). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 130, 231–258, https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/22324.
Casas-Peña, J. M., Ramírez-Fernández, J. A., Velasco-Tapia, F., Alemán-Gallardo, E. A., Augustsson, C., Weber, B., Frei, D., Jenchen, U., 2021. Petrological, geochemical (major, trace, and rare earth elements), and U–Pb zircon data of the Tamatán Group, NE Mexico. Data in Brief 35, 106846, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106846.
Coney, P.J., Campa, M. F., 1987. Lithotectonic terrane map of Mexico(west of the 91st. meridian): US Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF1874-D.
Donoghue, P. C. J., Keating, J. N., 2014. Early vertebrate evolution. Palaeontology 57 (5), 879–893, https://doi.org/10.1111/pala.12125.
Donoghue, P. C. J., Purnell, M. A., Aldridge, R. J., Zhang, S., 2008. The interrelationships of ‘complex’ conodonts (Vertebrata). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6 (2), 119–153, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201907002234.
Du, Y., Chiari, M., Karádi, V., Nicora, A., Onoue, T., Pálfy, J., Roghi, G., Tomimatsu, Y., Rigo, M., 2020. The asynchronous disappearance of conodonts: New constraints from Triassic–Jurassic boundary sections in the Tethys and Panthalassa. Earth-Science Reviews 203, 103176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103176.
Du, Y., Onoue, T., Tomimatsu, Y., Wu, Q., Rigo, M., 2023. Lower Jurassic conodonts from the Inuyama area of Japan: Implications for conodont extinction. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11, 1135789, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1135789.
Gastil, R. G., Miller, R., Anderson, P., Crocker, J., Campbell, M., Buch, P., Lothringer, C., Engelhardt, P. L., Roldán-Quintana, J., 1991. The relation between the Paleozoic strata on opposite sides of the Gulf of California. En: Pérez-Segura, E., Jacques-Ayala, C. (Eds.), Studies of Sonoran Geology. Vol. 254 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 7–17.
Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H., 1981. Lower Paleozoic strata on the Pacific Plate of North America. Nature 292, 828–830, https://doi.org/10.1038/292828a0.
Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H., 1983. Prebatholithic terranes of southern and peninsular California, U.S.A. and Mexico: Status report. En: Stevens, C. H. (Ed.), Pre-Jurassic Rocks in Western North America Suspect Terranes. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, pp. 49–61.
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., Ogg, G. M., 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020. Elsevier, 1301.
Griffith, R., Hoobs, J., 1993. Geology of the southern Sierra Calamajue, Baja California Norte, Mexico. En: Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H. (Eds.), The Prebatholithic Stratigraphy of Peninsular California. Vol. 279 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 43–59.
Guerrero-Moreno, S., Solari, L. A., Ortega-Flores, B., Maldonado, R., Ortega-Obregón, C., 2023. Provenance of Carboniferous–Permian sedimentary units in southern Mexico: Evidence for peri-arc basin evolution during the Pangea assembly. International Geology Review 65 (20), 3100–3127, https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2023.2175270.
Gutschick, R. C., Sandberg, C. A., 1983. Mississippian continental margins of the conterminous United States. En: Stanley, D. J., Moore, G. T. (Eds.), The Shelfbreak: Critical Interface on Continental Margins. Vol. 33 of Special Publication. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, pp. 79–96, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.83.06.0079.
Heredia-Jiménez, D. P., Torres-Martínez, M. A., Utrup, J., 2025. New Permian brachiopod assemblages from Chiapas, Mexico, and their stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance through Kungurian–Roadian. Historical Biology, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2025.2477217.
Hinde, G. J., 1879. On conodonts from the Chazy and Cincinnati Group of the Cambro-Silurian, and from the Hamilton and Genesee-Shale Divisions of the Devonian, in Canada and the United States. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 35 (1–4), 351–369, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.23.
Holcomb, R. A., 1979. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Paleozoic carbonates near Bavispe, Sonora, Mexico. [Master’s thesis, Texas Christian University, 99 pp.].
Hoobs, J. H., 1985. Carboniferous island-arc and associated rock from the Misión Calamajue area, Baja California, Mexico [Master’s thesis, San Diego State University, 122 pp.].
Jeppsson, L., Merrill, G. K., 1982. How best to designate obsolete taxonomic names and concepts: Examples among conodonts. Journal of Paleontology 56 (6), 1489–1493.
Keppie, J. D., Sandberg, C. A., Miller, B. V., Sánchez-Zavala, J. L., Nance, R. D., Poole, F. G., 2004. Implications of latest Pennsylvanian to middle Permian paleontological and U–Pb SHRIMP data from the Tecomate Formation to re-dating tectonothermal events in the Acatlán Complex, southern Mexico. International Geology Review 46 (8), 745–753, https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.46.8.745.
Ketner, K. B., Noll, J. H., 1987. Preliminary geologic map of the Cerro Cobachi area, Sonora, Mexico. Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF–1980.
Landing, E., Westrop, S. R., Keppie, J. D., 2007. Terminal Cambrian and lowest Ordovician succession of Mexican West Gondwana: Biotas and sequence stratigraphy of the Tiñu Formation. Geological Magazine 144 (6), 909–936, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756807003585.
Lara-Peña, R. A., 2017. Bioestratigrafía de conodontos del Devónico Superior en el área del Cerro Las Pintas, noreste de Sonora, México [Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Geología, 90 pp.].
Lara-Peña, R. A., 2019. Conodontos del Pérmico de Sonora: bioestratigrafía y paleogeografía [Master’s thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 176 pp.].
Lara-Peña, R. A., Navas-Parejo, P., Amaya-Martínez, R., 2020. New conodont data related to the western Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora orogen: Age of the autochthonous Laurentian deformation. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 103, 102763, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102763.
Lara-Peña, R. A., Navas-Parejo, P., Torres-Martínez, M. A., 2021. Permian autochthony of northwestern Mexico based on conodont paleogeographic relationships with southwestern Laurentia. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 54 (3), 363–376, https://doi.org/10.1127/nos/2021/0620.
Leier-Engelhardt, P. J., 1986. Middle Paleozoic strata of the Sierra Las Pintas, northeastern Baja California Norte, Mexico [Master’s thesis, San Diego State University, 169 pp.].
Leier-Engelhardt, P. J., 1993. Middle Paleozoic strata of the Sierra Las Pintas, northeastern Baja California Norte, Mexico. En: Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H. (Eds.),The Prebatholithic Stratigraphy of Peninsular California. Vol. 279 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 23–42, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE279-p23.
Lothringer, C. J., 1983. Geology and tectonics of an isolated Lower Ordovician allochthon, Rancho San Marcos, northwestern Baja California, Mexico [Master’s thesis, San Diego State University, 94 pp.].
Lothringer, C. J., 1993. Allochthonous Ordovician strata of Rancho San Marcos, Baja California Norte, Mexico. En: Gastil, R. G., Miller, R. H. (Eds.), The Prebatholithic Stratigraphy of Peninsular California. Vol. 279 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 11–22, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE279-p11.
Lucas, S. G., Estep, J. W., 1999. Permian, Triassic and Jurassic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy in the Sierra del Álamo Muerto, Sonora, Mexico. En: Bartolini, C., Wilson, J. L., Lawton, T. F. (Eds.), Mesozoic Sedimentary and Tectonic History of North-Central Mexico. Vol. 340 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 271–286.
Lucas, S. G., Estep, J. W., González-León, C. M., Paull, R. K., Silberling, N. J., Steiner, M. B., Marzolf, J. E., 1997. Early Triassic ammonites and conodonts from Sonora, northwestern Mexico. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Monatshefte 1997 (9), 562–574, https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1997/1997/562.
McKee, J. W., Jones, N. W., Anderson, T. H., 1988. Las Delicias basin: A record of late Paleozoic arc volcanism in northeastern Mexico. Geology 16 (1), 37–40, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0037:LDBARO>2.3.CO;2.
McKee, J.W., Jones, N.W., Anderson, T.H., 1999. Late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic history of the Las Delicias terrane, Coahuila, Mexico, in: Bartolini, C., Wilson, J.L., Lawton, T.F. (Eds.), Mesozoic Sedimentary and Tectonic History of North-Central Mexico. Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2340-X.161
Navas-Parejo, P., 2018. Carboniferous biostratigraphy of Sonora: A review. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 35 (1), 41–53, https://doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2018.1.571.
Navas-Parejo, P., Guerrero Moreno, S. and Solari, L., 2023. Primer registro de conodontos del Misisípico en el área de Santiago Ixtaltepec, Oaxaca. Geos, 43(1), Unión Geofísica Mexicana, p.89.
Navas-Parejo, P., Lara-Peña, R. A., Torres-Martínez, M. A., Martini, M., 2018. Biostratigraphy and petrography of upper Paleozoic rocks of Sierra Las Pintas, northern Baja California. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 84, 160–171, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2018.03.010.
Navas-Parejo, P., Martínez, O., Palafox-Reyes, J., Valencia-Moreno, M., 2019. Late Famennian conodonts from the Cerro la Cueva, Sonora, NW Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 91, 108–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2019.01.019.
Navas-Parejo, P., Palafox-Reyes, J., Villanueva, R., Buitrón, B., Valencia-Moreno, M., 2017. Mid-Carboniferous shallow-water conodonts from northwest Mexico. Micropaleontology 63 (6), https://doi.org/10.47894/mpal.63.6.02.
Navas-Parejo, P., Sandberg, C. A., 2018. Mid-Mississippian conodont faunas document depositionally unbroken connection between northwest Sonora and the U.S. Midcontinent. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 50(5), Paper No. 52-3, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018RM-313725.
Navas-Parejo, P., Sandberg, C. A., Poole, F. G., 2016. Paleogeographic significance of Late Devonian (Early Famennian) offshore-marine conodont *palmatolepis crepida*. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 48(7), Paper No. 45-6, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016AM-286455.
Noll, J. H., Dutro, J. T., Beus, S. S., 1984. A new species of the Late Devonian (Famennian) brachiopod *dzieduszyckia* from Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 58 (6), 1412–1421.
Orchard, M. J., Whalen, P. A., Carter, E. S., Taylor, H. J., 2007. Latest Triassic conodonts and radiolarian-bearing successions in Baja California Sur. En: Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A. (Eds.), The Global Triassic. Vol. 41 of Bulletin. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, pp. 355–365.
Ortega-Gutiérrez, F., Elías-Herrera, M., Morán-Zenteno, D. J., Solari, L., Weber, B., Luna-González, L., 2018. The pre-Mesozoic metamorphic basement of Mexico: 1.5 billion years of crustal evolution. Earth-Science Reviews 183, 2–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.03.006.
Ortega-Gutiérrez, F., Ruíz, J., Centeno-García, E., 1995. Oaxaquia, a Proterozoic microcontinent accreted to North America during the late Paleozoic. Geology 23 (12), 1127–1130, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1127:OAPMAT>2.3.CO;2.
Page, W. R., Gray, F., Iriondo, A., Miggins, D., Blodgett, R. B., Maldonado, F., Miller, R. J., 2010. Stratigraphy and Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic history of northern Sierra Los Ajos and adjacent areas, Sonora, Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 29 (3), 557–571, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2009.11.008.
Page, W. R., Harris, A. G., Poole, F. G., Repetski, J. E., 2003. Reinterpretation of the stratigraphy and structure of the Rancho Las Norias area, central Sonora, Mexico. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16 (6), 523–540, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00135-4.
Page, W. R., Harris, A. G., Repetski, J. E., 2012. The Cambrian–Ordovician rocks of Sonora, Mexico, and southern Arizona, southwestern margin of North America (Laurentia). En: Derby, J. R., Fritz, R. D., Longacre, S. A., Morgan, W. A., Sternbach, C. A. (Eds.), Great American Carbonate Bank: The Geology and Economic Resources of the Cambrian–Ordovician Sauk Megasequence of Laurentia. Vol. 98 of AAPG Memoir. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 499–520, https://doi.org/10.1306/13331520M983515.
Pander, C. H., 1856. Monographie der fossilen Fische des silurischen Systems der russisch-baltischen Gouvernements. Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 91 pp.
Pantoja-Alor, J., Robison, R. A., 1967. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks in Oaxaca, Mexico. Science 157 (3792), 1033–1035, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.157.3792.1033.
Poole, F. G., Amaya-Martínez, R., 2000. The Sonora Orogen in the Barita de Sonora mine area east of Mazatán, central Sonora. En: Fourth Symposium on the Geology of Northwest Mexico and Adjacent Areas, Field Trip Guide 3. U.S. Geological Survey and Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, p.27.
Poole, F. G., Amaya-Martínez, R., Harris, A. G., 2003a. Early Mississippian North American carbonate-shelf margin in west-central Sonora, Mexico. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 35(4), 14.
Poole, F. G., Amaya-Martínez, R., Premo, W. R., Berry, W. B. N., Sandberg, C. A., Roldán-Quintana, J., Herrera-Urbina, S., 2010. Age and depositional setting of deep-marine Ordovician Río Fuerte and San José de Gracia formations in northern Sinaloa, Mexico: Remnants of the Early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 42 (5), 268.
Poole, F. G., Boucot, A. J., Amaya-Martínez, R., Sandberg, C. A., Harris, A. G., Page, W. R., 2003b. Early Devonian brachiopods in west-central Sonora indicate depositional continuity along southern margin of Laurentia. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 35(4), 13.
Poole, F. G., Perry, W. J. J., Madrid, R. J., Amaya-Martínez, R., 2005. Tectonic synthesis of the Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora orogenic margin of southern Laurentia: stratigraphic and structural implications for timing of deformational events and plate-tectonic model. En: Anderson, T. H., Nourse, J. A., McKee, J. W., Steiner, M. B. (Eds.), The Mojave–Sonora Megashear Hypothesis: Development, Assessment, and Alternatives. Vol. 393 of Geological Society of America Special Paper. pp. 543–596, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2393-0.543.
Poole, F. G., Stewart, J. H., Berry, W. B. N., Harris, A. G., Repetski, J. E., Madrid, R. J., Ketner, K. B., Carter, C., Morales-Ramírez, J. M., 1995a. Ordovician ocean-basin rocks of Sonora, Mexico. En: Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., Finney, S. C. (Eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, SEPM, pp. 277–284.
Poole, F. G., Stewart, J. H., Repetski, J. E., Harris, A. G., 1995b. Ordovician carbonate-shelf rocks of Sonora, Mexico. En: Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., Finney, S. C. (Eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, SEPM, pp. 267–275.
Ramos-Martínez, O., 2016. Estudio bioestratigráfico de conodontos del Devónico del Cerro la Cueva, San Pedro de la Cueva, Sonora, México (Centro de Sonora) [Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Geología, 53 pp.].
Ramírez-Fernández, J. A., Alemán-Gallardo, E. A., Cruz-Castillo, D., Velasco-Tapia, F., Jenchen, U., Becchio, R., De León-Barragán, L., Casas-Peña, J. M., 2021. Early Mississippian precollisional, peri-Gondwanan volcanic arc in NE-Mexico: Aserradero Rhyolite from Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas. International Journal of Earth Sciences 110, 2435–2463, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-021-01992-3.
Repetski, J. E., Harris, A. G., Stewart, J. H., Poole, F. G., Morales, J. M., 1985. Early Ordovician conodonts from central Sonora, Mexico. In Aldridge, R. J., Austin, E. L. L., & Smith, M. P. (Eds.), Fourth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS IV), Abstracts, University of Nottingham, p. 25.
Reyes-Montoya, D. R., 2017. Bioestratigrafía del Cámbrico–Ordovícico de Sonora Central, México: Implicaciones paleogeográficas y paleoecológicas [Master’s thesis, Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Geología, 112 pp.].
Reyes-Montoya, D.R., Cuen-Romero, F.J., Gámez-Meza, N., Palafox-Reyes, J.J., Monreal, R., Navas-Parejo, P., Enríquez-Ocaña, F., Sundberg, F.A., Grijalva-Noriega, F.J., 2023. Stratigraphy of the Cambrian (Miaolingian to Furongian) and Ordovician (Tremadocian) west of Arivechi, eastern Sonora, Mexico: Implications on the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 129, 104538. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsames.2023.104538
Robison, R. A., Pantoja-Alor, J., 1968. Tremadocian trilobites from the Nochixtlán region, Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 42 (3), 767–800.
Sánchez-Zavala, J.L., Centeno-Garcia, E., Ortega-Gutiérrez, F., 1999. Review of Paleozoic stratigraphy of México and its role in the Gondwana-Laurentia connections, in: Ramos, V.A., Keppie, J.D. (Eds.), Laurentia-Gondwana Connections before Pangea. Geological Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2336-1.211
Sedlock, R. L., Ortega-Gutiérrez, F., Speed, R. C., 1993. Tectonostratigraphic Terranes and tectonic evolution of Mexico. Vol. 278 of Geological Society of America Special Paper. https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE278.
Silva-Magaña, M. E., 2023. Estudio bioestratigráfico de conodontos del Misisípico del área de El Bízani, noroeste de Sonora, México [Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 80 pp.].
Stevens, C. H., Poole, F. G., Amaya-Martínez, R., 2014. Late Paleozoic fusulinids from Sonora, México: Importance for interpretation of depositional settings, biogeography, and paleotectonics. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 31 (1), 14–27.
Stewart, J. H., Amaya-Martínez, R., Stamm, R. G., Wardlaw, B. R., Stanley, G. D., Stevens, C. H., 1997. Stratigraphy and regional significance of Mississippian to Jurassic rocks in Sierra Santa Teresa, Sonora, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 14 (2), 115–135.
Stewart, J. H., Blodgett, R. B., Boucot, A. J., Carter, J. L., López, R., 1999a. Exotic Paleozoic strata of Gondwanan provenance near Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. En: Ramos, V. A., Keppie, J. D. (Eds.), Laurentia–Gondwana Connections Before Pangea. Vol. 336 of Special Paper. Geological Society of America, pp. 227–240, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2336-1.227.
Stewart, J. H., Poole, F. G., 2002. Inventory of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic strata in Sonora, Mexico. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002–97, 50 pp., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0297.
Stewart, J. H., Poole, F. G., Harris, A. G., Repetski, J. E., Wardlaw, B. R., Mamet, B. L., Morales-Ramírez, J. M., 1999b. Neoproterozoic(?) to Pennsylvanian inner-shelf, miogeoclinal strata in Sierra Agua Verde, Sonora, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 16 (1), 35–62.
Stewart, J. H., Poole, F. G., Ketner, K. B., Madrid, R. J., Roldán-Quintana, J., Amaya-Martínez, R., 1990. Tectonics and stratigraphy of the Paleozoic and Triassic southern margin of North America, Sonora, México. En: Gehrels, G. E., Spencer, J. E. (Eds.), Geologic Excursions Through the Sonoran Desert Region, Arizona and Sonora. Vol. 7 of Special Paper. Arizona Geological Survey, pp. 183–202.
Sweet, W. C., 1981. Morphology and composition of elements. En: Robison, R. A. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement 2, Conodonta. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO, pp. W5–W20.
Sweet, W. C., 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, taxonomy, paleontology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum. Vol. 10 of Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 212 pp.
Torres-Martínez, M. A., Sour-Tovar, F., 2023. New rhynchonellid and spire-bearing brachiopods from the Carboniferous of Mexico. Paleogeographical significance of the Oaxacan brachiopod fauna through the Serpukhovian–Moscovian. Journal of Paleontology 97 (1), 90–111, https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.70.
Turner, S., Burrow, C. J., Schultze, H.-P., Blieck, A., Reif, W.-E., Rexroad, C. B., Bultynck, P., Nowlan, G. S., 2010. False teeth: conodont–vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited. Geodiversitas 32 (4), 545–594, https://doi.org/10.5252/g2010n4a1.
Vega Granillo, R., 1996. Geología de la Sierra de Mazatán. Boletín del Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora 13 (1), 89–102.
Wardlaw, B. R., Rudine, S. F., Nestell, M. K., 2000. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Permian beds at Las Delicias, Coahuila, Mexico. En: Wardlaw, B. R., Grant, R. E. (Eds.), The Guadalupian Symposium. Vol. 32 of Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences. pp. 381–395.
Zhuravlev, A. V., 2007. Morphofunctional analysis of Late Paleozoic conodont elements and apparatuses. Paleontological Journal 41 (5), 549–557, https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030107050103.